Cretinism – a disease ha characterizes congenital Nedo sufficiency of the thyroid gland , or hypothyroidism athyreosis , retarded growth and mental development, a kind of myxedema swelling.
Etiology.
The etiology is often caused um brionalnym malformation of the thyroid gland (TG), congenital enzymatic synthesis deficiency of thyroid hormones, congenital goiter on the basis of the action in embryonic life goitrogenic factors – when it mother thyreostatics prepa Ratov may be secondary after Corollary inadequate secretion hypo fizom thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH), as well as thyroiditis of a different nature, leading to atrophy of the gland.
Cretinism on etiopathogenesis differs from hypothyroidism only in that. that is gipotireo Zoom congenital or which developed in early childhood.
Clinic.
Characteristic symptom Mami are:
- Low growth with by in relative body length, to Rothko limb brachycephaly, a rough figure, often crooked legs, broad brush, short Pal tzu, wide face with a short blunt nose, thick lips.
- Eyes races put wide, with swollen eyelids, big ears, pruritus rare, often carious, the language of a large and thick;
- The skin is thick, when pressed, pits do not form.
- Children often suffer from constipation, myshech ny sluggish tone.
- The Features Rehn epiphyseal dysgenesis , does not occur in dwarfism, another etiology ogy.
- Sexual development of sharply ceases, often cryptorchidism. In girls, the underdevelopment of the external genital op ganas and uterus. Menstruation begins late and are scarce. Hearing is often lowered and rarely (about 5%). complete deafness.
- X-ray examination of bones discovered Vaeth later ossification.
- With a combination of Cretinism with Goiter , hearing loss or deafness is noted.
- Mental dist roystva with cretinism expressed by lay someone to full dementia idiotiz ma (mental retardation). Children nerds start to speak late in the 3-5-year-old vozra ste, pronunciation unclear Peremyshl of primitive.
Cretinism is found mainly in mountainous areas where goiter is common, which is associated with a lack of iodine in drinking water. Isolated, sporadic cases of cretinism can be found in any locality, without a combination with goiter.
Differential Diagnosis follows blows to differentiate with a syndrome of Down, Chondrodystrophy, obesity, eating, mental retardation .
TREATMENT.
Pathogenetic applied and replaced stitelnoe treatment: tireoidin and triyodtiroin . Treatment should be systematic, very long, often pozhiz Nenno. When treating from early childhood, many nerds acquire self-care skills and are able to perform simple work of the same type.