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Etiology As follows from the classification, the main causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism are renal failure and diseases of the digestive system. In accordance with this, renal and intestinal secondary hyperparathyroidism is distinguished. Due to the

Hypoparathyroidism is a disease associated with parathyroid hormone deficiency as a result of loss or insufficient function of the parathyroid glands, which is manifested by hypocalcemia syndrome. Hypoparathyroidism of various origins occurs in 0.2–0.3% of

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (congenital osteodystrophy of Albright) is a rare hereditary syndrome, characterized by tissue resistance to parathyroid hormone, hypocalcemia, increased function of the parathyroid glands, short stature and skeletal anomalies, an increase in parathyroid function, short

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of the skeleton, characterized by a decrease in bone mass per unit volume and a disorder of bone microarchitecture, leading to an increase in bone fragility and a high risk

Hypothalamic-hypophysial diseases can be subdivided into diseases with a proven lesion of the hypothalamus proper, a disease with a hypothetical hypothalamic genesis, with hypothalamic-hypophysial genesis and the hypopharyngeal lesions proper. Craniopharyngioma Craniopharyngioma is a hypothalamic

Among the tumors of the hypothalamic region, in addition to the craniopharyngioma, there are gliomas, hemangiomas, dysgerminomas, hamartomas, ganglion neurinomas, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, lipomas, neuroblastomas, lymphomas, plasmacytomas, colloid and dermoid cysts, sarcomas. Depending on the location

Acromegaly and gigantism are neuroendocrine syndromes resulting from excessive production or increased biological activity of growth hormone. These two diseases should be considered as age-related variations of the same pathological process, the specific clinical manifestations

Hypothalamic-hypophysial insufficiency (panhypopituitalism) is a clinical syndrome that develops as a result of destruction of the adenohypophysis, followed by a persistent decrease in the production of tropic hormones and impaired activity of the peripheral endocrine

Growth Failure Growth deficiency (growth hormone deficiency) occurs with a large number of diseases and syndromes. According to etiology, congenital and acquired as well as organic and idiopathic growth hormone deficiency are distinguished. In the

Definition Juvenile gynecomastia is any visible or palpable one- or two-sided increase in the mammary gland in boys and in young males. Synonym: pubertal gynecomastia, transient gynecomastia. Spread. 75% of adolescent boys have transient gynecomastia.