Diabetes mellitus and tumors from the endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhans (insulinoma, gastrinoma) are referred to diseases of ECPR. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, leading
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Diseases of the thyroid gland
The thyroid gland (thyroid gland) is involved in the control of many metabolic processes due to the release of its homones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The regulation of T3 and T4 levels in the
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Diseases of the parathyroid glands
Normally, a person has 4 PSGs, which are located near the upper and lower poles of the thyroid gland, the mass of all PSGs is 120-150 mg. In some cases, ectopia (displacement) of PShZH is possible
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Diseases of the adrenal glands
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticosteroids and sex hormones are formed in the adrenal cortex, and their secretion is controlled by the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. Strengthening the tropic effects of the pituitary gland or the development
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Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticosteroids and sex hormones are formed in the adrenal cortex, and their secretion is controlled by the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. Strengthening the tropic effects of the pituitary gland or the development
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Diseases of the pineal gland
The epiphysis consists of a loose neuroglial stroma that surrounds the nests of epithelial cells containing neurosecretory granules, these cells are called pineocytes. Pineocytes have long thin processes, which are remnants of primitive predecessors of
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The epiphysis consists of a loose neuroglial stroma that surrounds the nests of epithelial cells containing neurosecretory granules, these cells are called pineocytes. Pineocytes have long thin processes, which are remnants of primitive predecessors of
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is manifested by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin exposure. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. In diabetes mellitus, it is either completely absent (type I diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes), or the
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Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is manifested by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin exposure. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. In diabetes mellitus, it is either completely absent (type I diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes), or the
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Diabetic Diet
Diet for diabetes is not only to exclude from food, sugar, sweets and sweet dishes. Each patient should have an individually composed diet with a certain amount of sugar, fat, protein and caloric content, so that
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N ervichny hypothyroidism
In practice, in the vast majority of cases, primary hypothyroidism occurs. . It is established that the most frequent cause of its development is autoimmune thyroiditis. However, hypothyroidism may develop after surgery on the thyroid gland (postoperative hypothyroidism),
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In practice, in the vast majority of cases, primary hypothyroidism occurs. . It is established that the most frequent cause of its development is autoimmune thyroiditis. However, hypothyroidism may develop after surgery on the thyroid gland (postoperative hypothyroidism),
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The main clinical syndromes
The clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism consist of the following main syndromes : I. Exchange hypothermic syndrome. Typical for hypothyroidism is a constant feeling of coldness, a decrease in body temperature, hyperlipoproteinemia (increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels), a moderate
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The clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism consist of the following main syndromes : I. Exchange hypothermic syndrome. Typical for hypothyroidism is a constant feeling of coldness, a decrease in body temperature, hyperlipoproteinemia (increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels), a moderate
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Features of hypothyroidism clinic at different ages
It has long been noted that the clinical manifestations and course of hypothyroidism vary significantly in individuals of different ages. In young and middle-aged patients, hypothyroidism usually occurs in a classical form with characteristic subjective and
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