Treatment of hypothyroidism, because of late diagnosis due to late treatment of patients, in most cases begins already in the chronic phase of the disease with the use of drugs that make up for the lack of thyroid hormones. Such hormone replacement therapy, as a rule, is carried out throughout the subsequent life of the patient.
The main disadvantage of this method of treatment is the suppression of the production of endogenous thyroid hormones by the gland, ultimately leading the patient to complete dependence on the hormonal drugs used. Among other negative aspects of this therapy, it is necessary to identify the formation of allergic reactions, in response to synthetic hormones, nervous disorders and heart rhythm disturbance.
Hyperthyroidism
Therapy of hyperthyroidism often begins at the early stages of the development of this pathology and directly depends on the causes that provoked hyperthyroidism of the thyroid gland. The goal of drug treatment is to reduce the secretion and / or secretion of thyroid hormones, for which the patient is given thyostatics (thiouracil / thiamazole derivatives, diiodotyrosine) and / or drugs that interfere with the digestion and cumulation of iodine. Such treatment, especially when enlarging the thyroid gland, is recommended to be carried out against a background of changes in the diet.
Diet in goiter and thyroid hyperfunction should include a sufficient number of proteins, vitamins, fats, minerals and carbohydrates, and a limited number of foods that excite the nervous system of the person (chocolate, coffee, spices, tea, cocoa, etc.). In addition to thyreostatics, the scheme of treatment of hyperthyroidism may sometimes include ß-adrenoblockers, which prevent the action of thyroid hormones on the human body.
A negative consequence of such therapy is atrophy of the thyroid tissue of the thyroid itself, which proceeds with a significant decrease in the functionality of the gland and eventually leads to the same hormone replacement therapy. In addition, this treatment is often accompanied by rather severe side effects: nausea / vomiting, impaired hepatic function, suppression of hematopoiesis, allergic reactions, etc.