Normally, a person has 4 PSGs, which are located near the upper and lower poles of the thyroid gland, the mass of all PSGs is 120-150 mg. In some cases, ectopia (displacement) of PShZH is possible
Diseases of the adrenal glands
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticosteroids and sex hormones are formed in the adrenal cortex, and their secretion is controlled by the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. Strengthening the tropic effects of the pituitary gland or the development
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Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticosteroids and sex hormones are formed in the adrenal cortex, and their secretion is controlled by the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. Strengthening the tropic effects of the pituitary gland or the development
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Diseases of the pineal gland
The epiphysis consists of a loose neuroglial stroma that surrounds the nests of epithelial cells containing neurosecretory granules, these cells are called pineocytes. Pineocytes have long thin processes, which are remnants of primitive predecessors of
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The epiphysis consists of a loose neuroglial stroma that surrounds the nests of epithelial cells containing neurosecretory granules, these cells are called pineocytes. Pineocytes have long thin processes, which are remnants of primitive predecessors of
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is manifested by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin exposure. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. In diabetes mellitus, it is either completely absent (type I diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes), or the
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Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is manifested by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin exposure. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. In diabetes mellitus, it is either completely absent (type I diabetes, or insulin-dependent diabetes), or the
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Diabetic Diet
Diet for diabetes is not only to exclude from food, sugar, sweets and sweet dishes. Each patient should have an individually composed diet with a certain amount of sugar, fat, protein and caloric content, so that
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N ervichny hypothyroidism
In practice, in the vast majority of cases, primary hypothyroidism occurs. . It is established that the most frequent cause of its development is autoimmune thyroiditis. However, hypothyroidism may develop after surgery on the thyroid gland (postoperative hypothyroidism),
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In practice, in the vast majority of cases, primary hypothyroidism occurs. . It is established that the most frequent cause of its development is autoimmune thyroiditis. However, hypothyroidism may develop after surgery on the thyroid gland (postoperative hypothyroidism),
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The main clinical syndromes
The clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism consist of the following main syndromes : I. Exchange hypothermic syndrome. Typical for hypothyroidism is a constant feeling of coldness, a decrease in body temperature, hyperlipoproteinemia (increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels), a moderate
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The clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism consist of the following main syndromes : I. Exchange hypothermic syndrome. Typical for hypothyroidism is a constant feeling of coldness, a decrease in body temperature, hyperlipoproteinemia (increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels), a moderate
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Features of hypothyroidism clinic at different ages
It has long been noted that the clinical manifestations and course of hypothyroidism vary significantly in individuals of different ages. In young and middle-aged patients, hypothyroidism usually occurs in a classical form with characteristic subjective and
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Atypical clinical forms of hypothyroidism
Difficulties in recognizing hypothyroidism are amplified many times when the disease proceeds in unusual (non-classical) forms. 1.Hypertension in hypothyroidism. Hypertension is detected in 10-30% of patients with hypothyroidism. Its genesis is explained by vessel sensitization to endogenous
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Difficulties in recognizing hypothyroidism are amplified many times when the disease proceeds in unusual (non-classical) forms. 1.Hypertension in hypothyroidism. Hypertension is detected in 10-30% of patients with hypothyroidism. Its genesis is explained by vessel sensitization to endogenous
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Hypothyroid coma
The most severe (but fortunately, very rare) complication of hypothyroidism is hypothyroid or myxedematous coma . The basis of its pathogenesis is inhibition of the respiratory center, a progressive decrease in cardiac output, tissue hypoxia and a decrease in
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The most severe (but fortunately, very rare) complication of hypothyroidism is hypothyroid or myxedematous coma . The basis of its pathogenesis is inhibition of the respiratory center, a progressive decrease in cardiac output, tissue hypoxia and a decrease in
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